Process of severing bars



P. J. CULHANE, JR.

PROCESS OF SEVERING BARS.

APPLICATION FILED um. 29, I915.

Patented Jan. 18, 1921.

- 3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

4V w M w P. 1.- CULHANE, JR.-

PROCESS OF SEVERING BARS. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29. 1915.

Patented Jan. 18, 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

P. 1. CULHANE, 1R.

PROCESS OF SEVERING BARS. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29. ms.

Patented Jan. 18,1921.

3 MEETS-SHEET 3- r; wrature. i

o ieretions.

ESPAITVENT OFFICE.

PATRICK J. GULHANE, JRL, or CLEVELAND,OHIO, .nssrenon r0 'rntn fiyi f rnnssnn STEEL COMPANY, or CLEVELAND, mirrors cogvo 3 rnocnss or SEVERING BARS.

To auto/tom it may concern:

Be it known that LPA'rercn J. Comm ts, J12, a, citizen of the UnitedStetes, 1'0$1(l111g at Clevelend in the county of (luyahogz and State of Ohio, have inventedepcertain new and useful improvements: in Processes of shivering lhirs, of which the following is e .ji nlh clear, and exact desori ition,. rererence heinohurl, t-r; the uccom mnylng.drawings 'llhiscinventionrelates to process ofend apparatus for SBYGIlDg' metal hers, and has for its general olneet tofleccomphsh this severing operation in e mrticulerly efficient and economical manner. The commercial methods in ordinary use whereby such hers have been cut or severed heretofore may he :lessified as follows: x; i (a) Nicking the hers and subsequently hreshing them by the action of a sledge,

dropor power hammer. i i (2')) Hot-sewing; that re, severing the her by sawing through the same whllc heated to u. temperature which will mater ally lessen the resistance to the sewingractlon; I y

(0) Cold sewing; thetis, sewing through the her while at ordinary atmospheric teml 1 (d) Serering by neans of shears. The objection to the first method 01' severing hers is that it requires, for heavy hairs,

the installation of u pover hammer; else that it neceusitzttesthe employment oi two Furthermore, in the case of here of large cross section the hreek ept to be irregular, requiring a still fuit er- 01: oration upon the ends of the severedportions (n'lJluHkSQ I A. serious objection to both ot'r' the sewing operations is that they. involve n considerable loss ot metal by the sews, und th s loss is a material one where the bar is to be'cnt into short lengths. Furthermore, the; sewing; operation (whether. performed hot or cold) generally results in prodiicing a :flenge or flash bur projectingffrom the side of the metal from which the edge oi the sew emerges at the completion of the cut. (This necessitates the subsequent operation of grinding or otherwise removing this proiecting bur or flange. Ifurthermore the sews are relatively slow 1n. operation and thecost off upkeep is high. C 1 j The operation of ordinary shears is necesserily limited to bars of relatively small ere sectional area, thereby eliminating this Application iiled Nevember 29, 1915. Serial No. 64,034.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan. 1921.

operation so for as bars of large cross-sec- .t1o1ial=;iie:r are concerned, for instance, in .eonneetlon with bars of three inches or more in diameter. 9 i y I Inthe present n'ocess the her is subjected to .321 ,comhined severing and Wedging action.

This action 18 secured by means of one or more Wedgeshaped cutters and, where e pair of such cuttersare used, one being opposed to the other, the cutting edgesare preferably in the seine-plane, which planeis transverse to thej fexis. of the bar or. stock being sev- Qered. The notion of these. cutters differs from thetof the orclinzn'y sl1ears,notonly in having thccutting edges wronged .infthe some. planetrcinsverse of the axis of the her,

but alsofin the edge. snipe otf the cutters,

the ordineryshemhledes neithe requiring norpossessing such shape, These cutters,

. while penetrzitm,9, the hznand thus reducing its cross section, force the metal which [is contacted by the inclined sides of thecntjters lengthwise of the bar. During this cutting notion, the metal is thus iorcedlength- Wise or longitudinally oi the balm-ind, to a certain extenh is compressed radially.

Where the process is realized in and through :1. secondcutting operation. in] Substa i lly the same planeas the first, the net result of. this first out ise decrease in the cross section of the her in the plane ofthe cutters, :1 redial compression of the bar, ends tension; stress in the nnsheered section of the berdue to thesqueezing of thefmetel in it direction lengthwise of the her by the wedged or tapered sides of the cutters. If there are any stresses in thesurfece motel, us is usually the case in hot rolled, nnain heeled. steel, they Willho relieved loudly by this first cut. j Assuminga that i the .longitruiinel tension stress produced by thelirst out is insuilicient to sever the her, the her may then hegiven n. lin rtiel turn on its axis whereby another portion of the her in the same transverse pluuel inay be subjected to a. second cutting action, whereupon the. second stroke of the press will sever the her. Thissecond out duplicates the first up to a certainpoint, the metel being forced in r direction parallelto the axis of the her and the section of the bar in the plane of the cutters being still fnrther reduced. Thesqneezi 'ig out of themetal by the teperedfsides ofthe cutters in at direction lengthwise of the her sets up agtension stress in the unsheared section of the material, which stress increases as the section terial portion of the available pressure. i hen the tensile strength of the unsheared portion of the cross-section of the bar is thus exceeded, this portion is pulled apart by a pure-tension stress. In operatiiigupon a cylindrical bar of about 33,- inch diameter "and cutting'the same into blanks approximately inches long, the reaction of the metal on the cutter blades when the bar is thus-pulled apart has been'suilicient to cause the blanks to be thrown a considerable distance from the cutters with a like reaction upon'the main body of the bar on the oppositesides'of the cutter blades. The foregoing operation has been performed with a 156 ton press having concaved blades proj ecting approximately three quarters of an inch beyond their carriers,

the faces of the cutters b8111 inclined about 23 each wa from the center line. As used with great advantage, these blades have been constructed so as to produce as nearly as possible a uniform amount of deformation of the bar for each unit of movement ofthe cutters, thereby utilizing in the most eflicient manner .the 'uniform pressure available in the press cylinder.

In the 'dra'wingsforming part hereof, which illustrate two 1 embodiments of a means or apparatus for realizing the process, Figure 1 represents a vertical sectional view througha pair'of die members, certain parts being'shown n elevation and the bar to be severed being indicated in dotanddash lines; Fig. 2 a sectional view corresponding substantially t'o the -line.2-2 of Fig, 1, the bar'jbeing omitted; Fig, 3 a transverse see- ,tional view corresponding substantially to the'line 33 of Fig; 2; F ig- 4 a diagrammatic view illustrating the first operation performed on the bar by the apparatus; Fig. 5 a transverse sectional view corresponding to the line 5+5 of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 a diagrammatic view, similar to Fig. l, illustrating thesecond operation performed on the bar by theapp'aratus'; Fig. 7 a sectional View corresponding to the line 77 or Fi 6; 8 a perspective view of one of the knives or cutters of the apparatus, a part being broken away; Fig. 9 an end view of one of the blanks or of the corresponding end of the bar from which the blank has been removed; andFi'g. 10 a view, similar to Fig. 1, showing a modification of the apparatus;

Describing by reference characters the various parts illustrated in the drawings, 1 denotes the punch member and 2 the stationary or bed member oi a pair of cutting or shearing dies. Each of these die members has a concave interior. the two parts together providing when closed, in the en1bodiments shown herein, a substantially cylindrical opening or bore. The bed or base member 2 is shown a. provided with ears 3 whereby it may be bolted to a suitable support 3, the bolts being indicated at 4-. The punch member will be operated by a suitable press in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art.

5 denotes a blade of suitable material (such as tool steel) which is carried by the lower die member. This blade may be conveniently and removably applied and secured to the member 2, as by inserting the blade-into a vertically extending slot (3 in said member. This slot may extend entirely across the die member 2 and to a considerable depth therewithin. The blade projects within the cavity of the die member .2, the blade being beveled approximately equally on its opposite sides, and the amount of the bevel or inclination may increase slightly from the central portion oi the blade toward the ends thereof. Thus, the faces 7 inayform with the center line an angle of somewhat less than the- 23 at the center of the blade while this angle may increase somewhat toward the ends of the blade. The blade may be conveniently cured in place by means of a pair of side or cheek plates 8 which are fastened to opposite sides of the base member 2, as by means of the screw bolts 9 having caps 10. Each of these plates is shown as provided with a dowel pin 11 which is adapted to enter a corresponding hole in the side of the blade whereby the blade will be firmly anchored.

The punch member 1 is also provided with a blade 12 arranged directly opposite the blade 5 and secured in its die member in like manner, the recess for the blade being indicated at 18, the bolts which secure the cheek plates in place being indicated at 14-. one of the dowel pins at 15, and the edge of the blade being provided by and between 1 geeepee thereby shearing the bar, and thatfurther movement of these cutters inwardlyf or toward the center of the bar results in the gradualapplication ofthe entire cutter to each side of the bar and'the subsequent gradual penetration of" the bar by each en-- tire or complete cutter. As stated, this tends to produce in the bar a uniform amount of deformation foreach unit of movementof the cutters, oropposes to the cutters, moving at auniform speed, a uniformresistance whereby the cyclicefficiency of theapparatus is high. With cutters having their facesmaking an angle ofabout 23 each with the center line and assuming of the pressure to be employed in overcoming the friction of the cutter and in pr ssingthe metal on opposite sides of the same we Will then have (with a 156-ton press) aboutthree hundred fifty thousand pounds tension I an erted longitudinally of the bar or about fortytwo thousandpounds per square inch on the original section of the bar. vdVith the cutters operating at a speed not substantially less than three-eighths inch-per second (whereby the first cutfwill be made in about one second) and with the faces beveled orinclined at the angle specified,

bar of soft steel canbe severed bymaking the first cut (extending aboutone half way around its circumference) to a depth about three=eights inch and then, by turd ingthe bar about 90 onits axis and subjecting it to a second (out, the barwill be severed with considerable force .by thetinie the cutters have entered from one fenrth to three-eighths inch oirthe second cut.

. The speed at which the cutters operateis an important factor inthe severing operation, it being necessary that the cutting operation shall be performed so rapidly that the metal on opposite sides-of the cutter blades cannot have sufficient time to deform or flow in a longitudinaljdirection to such an'extent as to absorbany appreciable portion of the available pressure. Givcncut ters having their faces inclined at the angle stated and operating on a circular bar of about the diameterspeciiied, at the...end of the first cut thetensionexefted longitudinally of the bar will amount to about tittythousand pounds persquare inch (because of the reduction of the cross sectional area of the bar), and this results in the rupture of the bar by tension. It has been found that, if the press be operated at a speed of of the cutter blades may bevaried.

tions referred to licreiz'lbefore. A

much less than that specifiedf the bar can be nicked to the full depth of thecutters and entirely around. its circumferencewith out producing the tension break. 011' the other hand, if the press be operated 021- cessively fast, the bar may be, and sometimes has been, broken iv the first cut, although standpoint) being secured hoi veverby so inclining the sides of the cutters as to secure to a uniform amount of deformation of the bar for each unit of movement ofthe cutters. Also, the inclination of the faces For instance, if the stock from whichthe cutters are made Wlll standupnnder the work, by employing a sharper angle (say' 15 or 16 for each side instead of about 23) the bar may be severed by a single stroke; of the cutters by cutting slightly the cutters are diametrically opposed to each other. It is believed that this is animportant factor from acommercial standpoint, since it insures a practically smooth break extendin'gat right angles to the axis ofthe bar, thus rendering unnecessary any sub sequent finishing; operation on the ends of I the blanlrs such as must he resorted to in COIlXlGClZlOIl with the other severing opera furtl' er aditantage in swin situates in thesanie planeds that all ofthe available pressure,

being exerted at right angles to the plane of H severance, acts longitudinally on the bar and sets up no unbalancml stresses in the punch or die members.

. In Fig. 10 there is shown a modification of the invention wherein the die member 2 is provided with a pair of longitudinally spaced blades 5 and the punch member 1 is provided with. a similar pair of blades 12 opposed to the blades 5. The distance between one set of blades 5 and 12 and thejother set of blades 5 and 12 will be equal to the length of the blank which is to be cut from the stock. In the operation of this apparatus,

the bar to be treated will be inserted between the die members with one end in SLIlJSt2U1 tially the plane of 'oneset of blades and the body of the bar between the other set. By

closing the'dies, the first cut will be made by the pair of blades'adjacent to the operator.

ward so; as to bring the cuts therein in the plane of the edges of the blades farthest away from the operator. The dies Will then be closed with the result that, while one pair of bladesis making the first cut in the bar,

the other pair will accomplish the severing of the bar-in the manner shown in Fig. 6. It will be understood, of course, that the power of the press must be correspondingly increased to accomplish the two outs simultaneously and that the blades must have suflicient lateral strength to take up the residual kick,when the bar is severed.

While I have illustrated and described in detail the particular construction of the cutter blades and have set. forth a particular speed of operation of such blades, I do not thereby propose to limit myself to such detailsexcept as such limitations may be rendered necessary by the state, of the prior art or may be positively included in the claims hereto annexed.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is r p 1. The process of severing a metal bar .whieh consists in subjecting the samev to a combined cutting and wedging action whereby the cross sectlonal area of the bar 18 reduced and the bar is simultaneously subjected to a longitudinal tension sufficient to V rupturethebar across a reduced area of mater-ial extent. 7

2. The process of severing a round metal bar'whiehconsists in simultaneously reducingthe cross sectional area of said bar throughout the major portion of the peripheral extent thereof and subjecting it to a longitudinal tension sufficient to rupture the same'across areduced section of material extent.

3. The process of severing metal bars which consists in simultaneously penetrating the maj'orpart of the peripheral portion cross sectional area of the same and then subjecting the reduced section of the bar to a combined cutting and wedging action including the major peripheral portion thereof and serving to reduce further the cross sectional area of the bar and to exert upon such bar a longitudinal tension the cutting and wcdging action being performed at such speed as to prevent a material absorption of such longitudinal tension due to the movement of the metal, whereby the tension will be operative to rupture the bar across such reduced area.

b 5. The process of severing a metal bar which consists in reducing the cross-sectional area of the bar and then applying sufficient force between the walls extending outwardly from said reduced section to effect. rupture of said bar under tension at said section prior to any material elongation thereof.

6. The process of severing a metal bar which consists in reducing the cross-sectional area of the bar from diametrically oppositepoints on the bars periphery and applying suflicient force between the walls extending outwardly from said reduced section to effect rupture of said bar under tension at said section prior to any material elongation thereof.

7. The process of seyering a metal bar which consists in reducing the crosssectional area of the bar along diametrically opposite ares embracing the major portion of the bars periphery and applying sufiicient force between the walls extending outwardly from the section thus reduced and at opposite sides thereof to effect rupture of said bar under tension at said section prior to any material elongation thereof.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto ailix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

PATRICK J. CULIIANE, Jr.

WVitnesses Amman IV. Rrcrmnos, V SPnNsLnY S. DAYKIN. 

